India & Pakistan Comparison

Country
India	Pakistan
Leader
President: Pranab Mukherjee	President: Mamnoon Hussain
Population
1,236,344,631	196,174,380
Life Expectancy
67.800 years	67.050 years
Capital City
New Delhi	Islamabad
Largest city
Mumbai (population: 12,691,800)	Karachi (population: 11,624,200)
Human Development Index
0.609	0.562
GDP per capita
$4,000 US	$3,100 US
Literacy Rate
61%	49.9%
Corruption Perception Index
3.4	2.5
Percentage of Women in Parliament
9.2%	21.2%
Wealthiest Citizens
Mukesh Ambani ($19.5bn US)	NA
Unemployment Rate
8.800%	6.600%
Death Penalty
Legal	Legal
Political System
federal republic	federal republic
Independence date
15 August 1947 (from UK)	14 August 1947 (from British India)
Religions
Hindu 80.5%, Muslim 13.4%, Christian 2.3%, Sikh 1.9%, other 1.8%, unspecified 0.1% (2001 census)	Muslim 95% (Sunni 75%, Shia 20%), other (includes Christian and Hindu) 5%
Languages
Hindi 41%, Bengali 8.1%, Telugu 7.2%, Marathi 7%, Tamil 5.9%, Urdu 5%, Gujarati 4.5%, Kannada 3.7%, Malayalam 3.2%, Oriya 3.2%, Punjabi 2.8%, Assamese 1.3%, Maithili 1.2%, other 5.9% note: English enjoys associate status but is the most important language for national, political, and commercial communication; Hindi is the national language and primary tongue of 41% of the people; there are 14 other official languages: Bengali, Telugu, Marathi, Tamil, Urdu, Gujarati, Malayalam, Kannada, Oriya, Punjabi, Assamese, Kashmiri, Sindhi, and Sanskrit; Hindustani is a popular variant of Hindi/Urdu spoken widely throughout northern India but is not an official language (2001 census)	Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Siraiki (a Punjabi variant) 10%, Pashtu 8%, Urdu (official) 8%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%, English (official; lingua franca of Pakistani elite and most government ministries), Burushaski and other 8%
Exports
petroleum products, textile goods, gems and jewelry, engineering goods, chemicals, leather manufactures	textiles (garments, bed linen, cotton cloth, yarn), rice, leather goods, sports goods, chemicals, manufactures, carpets and rugs
External Debt
$412,200,000,000 $	$52,430,000,000 US
Exchange Rate
Indian rupees (INR) per US dollar - 43.319 (2008 est.), 41.487 (2007), 45.3 (2006), 44.101 (2005), 45.317 (2004)	Pakistani rupees (PKR) per US dollar - 70.64 (2008 est.), 60.6295 (2007), 60.35 (2006), 59.515 (2005), 58.258 (2004)
Military Budget as percentage of GDP
2.430%	3.040%
Beijing Olympics Medal Count
3	0
Location
Southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, between Burma and Pakistan	Southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea, between India on the east and Iran and Afghanistan on the west and China in the north
Area
3,287,263 km sq	796,095 km sq
Coastline
7,000 km	1,046 km
Climate
varies from tropical monsoon in south to temperate in north	mostly hot, dry desert; temperate in northwest; arctic in north