Top 10 Bizarre Festivals

Every year thousands of people gather to take part in, or witness bizarre festivals. Many of these festivals are ancient but some are much more modern. While they are all extremely different, they have one thing in common: they are totally weird. If you wish to mention other festivals that you know of, be sure to do so in the comments. NOTE: Some images may be Not Safe For Work.

10

La Tomatina

On the last Wednesday of August every year in the town of Buñol in the Valencia region of Spain, 9,000 locals and 20,000 – 40,000 foreigners descend on the town to throw tomatoes at each other in honor of the Virgin Mary and St. Louis Bertrand. This tradition has been around since the 1940s, though it was briefly suppressed under the reign of Franco. The festival starts with a person attempting to scale a greased pole to capture a cooked ham. Once the ham is taken down from the pole, water canons are fired at the participants and over 100 tons of tomatoes are dumped into the streets for throwing. Women are expected to wear white and men to wear no shirts. Anyone caught wearing a shirt inevitably has it ripped off – including women and especially tourists who tend to be the main target of locals.

9

Cheese Rolling Festival

The Cheese Rolling Festival is held every May in Cooper’s Hill, Gloucestershire in the United Kingdom. The festival involves an official tossing a cheese down the extremely steep hill, after which hundreds of people begin to run down the hill (risking life and limb) in order to catch the cheese. Each year the event results in casualties and for this reason children are not allowed to participate, though oftentimes boys from the local town will join in anyway. For the children, there is an uphill race. Women and men race separately in the main event.

8

Bonfires of Saint John

The Bonfires of Saint John is a popular festival in Spain held on the 19th to the 24th of June. The strange festival involves the lighting of bonfires (frequently fueled by old furniture). The locals share hot chocolate whilst watching the bonfires. But then it gets weird. The children of the villages then take turns in running through the fires. The entire week is filled with festivities including fireworks displays and eighty-six women and eighty-six young girls are elected the “Beauties” of the bonfires. These “beauties” preside over the festival as Queens.

7

Goat Tossing Festival

The Spanish certainly like their odd festivals. Every year on the fourth Sunday in January, the locals of a small town named Manganeses de la Polvorosa gather together for the goat tossing festival, in honor of St Vincent de Paul, their patron saint. The festival has been around for so long that no one knows when it started. It involves a young man who finds a goat in the village, ties it up, and takes it to the top of the local Church belfry. He then tosses the goat over the side and it falls 50 feet where it is (hopefully) caught by villagers holding up a sheet of tarpaulin. The village officials banned the event but it continues regardless. Various animal rights agencies have complained about it – though their complaints have also been ignored.

6

Hadaka Matsuri

Hadaka Matsuri is a Japanese festival in which the participants are all but naked. The festival is celebrated many times throughout the year in various parts of Japan and those involved usually wear a type of traditional loin cloth. Some of those involved go completely naked which is not frowned on at all – in fact it is considered healthy. The festivals often involve the use of mud (for entertainment) and there are often separate women’s and men’s festivals. In some towns special festivals are held for children – as a rite of passage, but sometimes children participate in the adult festival. The festival has its origins as a religious event, but these days the religious aspects are virtually forgotten.

5

El Colacho

Dating from 1620, El Colacho (or baby jumping) is a festival in Spain held every year on the feast of Corpus Christi. The festival involves the laying on mattresses all babies born in the previous twelve months. The adult men of the village of Castrillo de Murcia then dress up as devils and take turns jumping over the babies. The festival often results in injuries (usually of the adults) and it is believed that the jumping rids the babies of original sin – a bizarre kind of baptism. Pope Benedict XVI has recently asked the local priests to distance themselves from the festival as it is dangerous and contrary to the Catholic religion.

4

Fiesta de Santa Marta de Ribarteme

Every year in Las Nieves, Spain, people who have suffered a near death experience in the previous year get together to attend Mass in celebration of Saint Marta de Ribarteme, the Patron Saint of resurrection. But here is the twist: they turn up at Mass carrying a coffin, or being carried in a coffin. After Mass, the coffins all proceed to the top of a nearby hill with a statue of the saint. Despite the somberness of the event, people light fireworks and shopkeepers fill the streets to sell religious objects.

3

Goose Clubbing Festival

Until recently, an annual festival was held in Germany in which a goose was tied by its feet to a post and then clubbed by the local men until its head came off. As a result of complaints from animal rights activists, the festival-goers now hit a goose which has previously been killed. A very similar event occurs in Spain (surprise surprise) every year in which a man hangs from the goose until the head comes off. Again the goose is killed prior to the event which dates back 350 years. The Spanish festival is called Antzar Eguna.

2

Kanamara Matsuri

Every year in spring, the festival of Kanamara Matsuri (The Steel Phallus) is held in Kawasaki, Japan. It is a Shinto fertility festival and, as you would expect, it involves a rather large penis statue. During the festival, people can buy candies, vegetables, and gifts in the shape of a phallus. The festival was very popular amongst prostitutes who thought that participation would help to prevent them getting sexually transmitted diseases.

1

Thaipusam

Thaipusam is a Hindu festival (celebrated mostly by Tamils) held in January/February each year to celebrate the birth of Murugan (the son of gods Shiva and Parvati). The participants shave their heads and perform a pilgrimage, at the end of which they shove very sharp skewers through their tongues or cheeks. Some of the practitioners put hooks into their back and pull heavy objects like tractors. The aim is to cause as much pain as possible – the more you endure, the more “blessings” you receive from the gods. The festival is popular in India, but the largest celebrations take place in Singapore and Malaysia, where it is a public holiday.
Contributor: JFrater

Bizarre Top 10 Bizarre Medical Anomalies

[WARNING: some images and content may disturb and are not work safe.] Gone are the days of sideshows displaying freaks of nature, but the diseases that caused these so-called “freaks” are still with us. Political correctness has made it impolite to display the sufferers of these illnesses, so we are left with the Internet – the last resort of those with a fascinating for the bizarre. This list looks at some of the most unusual (and sometimes horrifying) anomalies of medical science.

10

Diprosopus

Diprospus (sometimes called Craniofacial duplication) is a rare disorder in which the face is duplicated on the head (as in the picture above). This is not to be confused with fetus in fetu (item 9) which is a joining of two separate fetuses; diprosopus is caused by a protein called (believe it or not) “sonic hedgehog homolog”. The odd name is due to a controversial tradition in molecular biology to use unusual names for genes. The protein determines the makeup of the face, and when there is too much of it, you get a second face in a mirror image. If you do not have enough of the protein, you can end up with underdeveloped facial features. Children with this defect are normally stillborn, but a young girl, Lali Singh, born in 2008 survived for 2 full months before dying of a heart attack.

9

Fetus In Fetu

The man pictured above is Sanju Bhagat aged 36 from India. He is fully pregnant with his own twin. Because Sanju lacked a placenta, the fetus inside him attached directly to his blood supply. Doctors delivered the twin which was severely malformed and did not survive. Fetus in fetu is an extremely rare disorder in which a twin somehow becomes connected (internally or partly externally) to its twin while still in the womb. In some cases the fetus in fetu will remain inside the host twin unknown until it begins to cause problems. In more common cases, the signs are visible from the outset and are often initially confused with cysts or cancers. In a recent case a 7 year old boy was discovered to be carrying his twin when his parents noticed that something was moving in his stomach. You can read more about that here.

8

Proteus Syndrome

The Elephant Man (Joseph Merrick) is probably the most famous case of Proteus Syndrome. The disease causes excessive bone growth, excessive skin growth, and frequently comes with tumors. Only 200 cases have been confirmed worldwide since the disease was officially discovered in 1979. It is possible to have a minor form of this disease which can go undiagnosed. The case of the Elephant Man has been the sole reason that this disease is so widely known. Sufferers have normal brain function and intelligence.

7

Möbius Syndrome

Möbius Syndrome is a rare disorder in which the facial muscles are paralyzed. In most cases the eyes are also unable to move from side to side. The disease prevents a sufferer from having any facial expressions, which can make them appear to be uninterested or “dull” – sometimes leading to people thinking they are rude. Sufferers have completely normal mental development. The causes are not fully understood and there is no treatment aside from addressing the symptoms (such as an inability to feed as a baby).

6

Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome

Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria syndrome (progeria) will be familiar to people old enough to remember the television program That’s Incredible from the ’80s in which a young sufferer of the disorder appeared. The disease causes premature aging – so rapidly that a young child can look like a very old man (or, if I may be so callous as to point out the obvious, an alien – as in the photograph above). The disease is especially interesting for scientists as it may lend clues to the natural aging process in man. The disease is caused by a genetic mutation, and does not pass from parent to child. There is no known cure, and most children with the disease do not live beyond the age of thirteen – usually dying of stroke or heart attack (diseases usually associated with old age).

5

Cutaneous Porphyria

Cutaneous porphyria is a disorder that causes blisters, excess hair, swelling, and necrosis of the skin. It can cause red colored teeth and fingernails, and after exposure to sun, urine can turn purple, pink, brown, or black. The disease is thought to be connected to the many werewolf and vampire legends of the past, where a sufferer (who would have lived apart from society) might have been confused for a monster. The disease is part of the more general group of disorders called porphyrias which cover a range of mental and physical disorders due to the overproduction of certain enzymes in the body. The disease gets its name from the Greek word “porphura” which means “purple pigment”.

4

Elephantiasis

First off, note the spelling – it is Elephant-iasis not Elephant-itis as many people wrongly think. Elephantiasis is a thickening of the skin (as opposed to proteus syndrome which is a thickening of the bones as well as the skin). Unfortunately, this is a disease that any one of us can get as it is caused by parasitic worms passed on through mosquito bites. It is, consequently, not uncommon in tropical regions and Africa. A slightly different form of the disease is caused through contact with certain types of soil. In some parts of Ethiopa, up to 6% of the population suffers from the disorder. It is one of the most common disabilities in the world. Efforts to eradicate the disease are well underway and it is hoped that it will be successfully relegated to the annals of history by 2020.

3

Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva

Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP for short) is a very rare disease that causes parts of the body (muscles, tendons, and ligaments) to turn to bone when they are damaged. This can often cause damaged joints to fuse together, preventing movement. Unfortunately surgical removal of the bone growths is ineffective as the body “heals” itself by recreating the removed bone. To make matters worse, the disease is so rare that it is often misdiagnosed as cancer, leading doctors to perform biopsies which can spark off worse growth of these bone-like lumps. The most famous case is Harry Eastlack whose body was so ossified by his death that he could only move his lips. His skeleton is now on display at the Mütter Museum. There is no cure.

2

Lewandowsky-Lutz Dysplasia

Lewandowsky-Lutz Dysplasia (also known as Epidermodysplasia verruciformis) is an extremely rare inheritable disorder in which warts form on the skin. It normally affects the hands and feet and while it can start in middle ages, it normally begins between the ages of one and twenty. There is no known effective treatment for the disease though surgery can be used to remove the warts. Unfortunately, after surgery the warts begin to return and it is estimated that a sufferer would need at least two surgeries per year to remove them each time they grow back. In 2007 a sufferer had surgery for the disease and thirteen pounds (5.8 kilos) of warts were removed. 95% of the warts were removed.

1

Diphallia

Diphallia (also known as Penile Duplication) is a condition in which a male is born with two penises. It is a rare disorder with only 1,000 cases recorded. Sufferers are also at a higher risk of spina bifida than men with one penis. A person with diphallia can urinate from one or both of his penises. In most cases, both penises are side by side and the same size, but occasionally one smaller penis will sit atop another larger one. One in 5.5 million men in the United States have two penises.
Contributor: JFrater

The shame of Sivakasi: Dead eyes in its living children

That Sivakasi has also killed over time, albeit very slowly, numerous child-workers engaged in matchbox production is scarcely registered on the national conscience, says Shreekant Sambrani

Every so often, Sivakasi in Tamil Nadu, the firecracker and calendar printing capital of India , breaks into national news because of an accident in one of the factories causing many fatalities, as happened on September 5. This is soon forgotten in a country inured to such safety lapses, however horrific they may be.

Sivakasi and the surrounding districts of Tamil Nadu are particularly suited for manual match production because of the hot, dry climate and large labour availability due to paucity of occupations. The first match units came up in the 1930s. The activity picked up after the 1960s for two reasons. First, the government policy favoured small, manual manufacturing facilities over large, mechanised ones. Second, India's sole mechanised match manufacturer, Wimco, faced daunting restrictions including frozen capacity.That Sivakasi has also killed over time, albeit very slowly, numerous child-workers engaged in matchbox production is scarcely registered on the national conscience. Current media reports just barely mention Sivakasi's connection with exploitation of children, even in this age of heightened awareness of social evils. In the same week, the Lok Sabha passed a bill banning child labour amidst the prevailing din.

It was a FERA company, a subsidiary of the pioneering Swedish Match, which refused to dilute its ownership below 40 per cent. Wimco's market share dwindled from 75 per cent in the 1950s to under 20 per cent by the mid-1980s. Manual units, using no machinery and comprising small scale and cottage categories, grew in numbers and capacity. Cottage firms could employ no more than 10 workers each and produce no more than 50 million matchboxes a year. By contrast, Wimco's five factories together had an annual capacity of five billion boxes.

The cottage sector is estimated to have over 10,000 units, 60 per cent of which are in the South. It is common knowledge that most of these are fronts for the 18 dominant middle segment firms, formed under benami ownership or as co-operatives to avail of the benefits offered.

The smaller units were always charged a lower excise duty as compared to Wimco. The 1979 Charan Singh budget increased the difference substantially: Wimco had to pay Rs 7.20 per gross while cottage units were taxed at Rs 1.60. The gap was later reduced by ND Tiwari but was still considerable at Rs 5.80 for Wimco and Rs 1.60 for cottage companies. State sales taxes also discriminated in favour of handmade matches.

The heart of the handmade process is dipping sticks first in wax and then in the hazardous "head" mixture of potassium chlorate and other incendiary chemicals. The sticks are fitted into a wooden frame with 50 grooves (one for each match in a box). After air-drying, the matches are removed, sized and filled in boxes. This requires dexterity and small fingers. The obvious option is to employ small children, many under 10, or young women. Boys and girls above 15 are deemed unsuitable because of larger fingers.

Almost all manual units depend on juvenile workers for this delicate yet dangerous operation. The growth of the firecracker industry has reduced the availability of adult workers and pushed up their wages, making a recourse to child labour even more attractive for the match factories.

Swedish media, obviously not unbiased, published accounts of children's employment to persuade their government to protest to India. Indira Gandhi  ordered a crackdown on children's employment in the early 1980s. Within a week, massive demonstrations by child workers and their families in Sivakasi and Delhi , demanding dole as an alternative, made the government backtrack.

Kamaljit Singh, the long-time Wimco managing director, asked me in 1987 to make an independent assessment of the situation (without consulting the Wimco staff) for a presentation to the Swedish Match board. I travelled extensively in the area and visited dozens of units. No one made any effort to hide the children or withhold information.

What I found was too stark for even one who had spent over 15 years researching rural poverty in all corners of the country. A typical unit was a 20 sq m shed, which also stored raw materials. About eight children and two adults was the labour complement. They worked from dawn to dusk, with two 15-minute breaks for meagre refreshments. Most children were under 10, and worked squatting on the floor, bent from the waist.

No one spoke. They answered in monosyllables when interviewed. Almost all had racking coughs and scabbed, calloused fingers from their exposure to the chemicals. Mention of schools brought forth wistful shy smiles, implying that they were not for them. Everyone was worried as to what they would do in a few years even as they were still children.  Many parents said that older children often fell sick. Nearly all the families had histories of early deaths of their children.  

For all this, the children were paid piece rate wages, seldom exceeding Rs 5 a day. Many had a part of this grand sum deducted towards repayment of the advance or loan to their families.

I told the Swedish Match board that not just the duty differential but even the basic cost structure of the handmade sector put Wimco at a disadvantage. Massimo Rossi, the managing director, recalled that a similar situation existed in his native Sicily half a century ago, but the efficient large scale Swedish Match mechanised manufacturing overcame that handicap. "No machine yet invented is more cost-effective than the nimble fingers of a 10-year old paid starvation wages," was my answer.

I have since revisited the area, the last being in 2002, and found no significant changes.  The Swedes finally pulled out of Wimco, now a subsidiary of ITC. Its production stagnated and caused losses. The cottage units continue as before. Perhaps fewer children work now, in view of the overall prosperity and better relief programmes such as MNREGS. But I am sure I would still find numerous children dipping those frames in the explosive mixture day after day.

Of the many blemishes on our record, none is worse than the ill-treatment of children. It is bad enough that 42 per cent of them under the age of five are undernourished.  Continued child employment in such inhuman and dangerous conditions is decidedly shameful.

The publicity material for Sivakasi calls it "kutty" (mini) Japan, as a testimonial to its enterprise. I shudder to think how the diligently law-abiding and safety-conscious Japanese would react to this empire based on sweated child labour and disregard of even the rudimentary precautions.

A haunting picture of a dead little girl, her unseeing eyes wide open, appeared on the cover of Time Bhopal gas tragedy issue. I have seen the same dead eyes, devoid of all hope, in the living children of Sivakasi.

Indians are no more the highest numbers for call centers

Tech drives Philippines call centre success

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14 May 2012 Last updated at 23:05 GMT Help

More and more companies are outsourcing work to call centres on the other side of the world.
The Philippines has recently overtaken India as the country with the most call centre workers - and it has been taking great strides in trying to prove that it is the outsourcing destination of choice.
But what makes all this possible is the technology behind the scenes - to enable these centres to not only be cost effective, but also provide a high-quality, reliable service.
Kate McGeown reports from Manila.

Richest Countries in the World

▲	Country	GDP
1.	United States	$14,660,000,000,000
2.	China	$10,090,000,000,000
3.	Japan	$4,310,000,000,000
4.	India	$4,060,000,000,000
5.	Germany	$2,940,000,000,000
6.	Russia	$2,223,000,000,000
7.	United Kingdom	$2,173,000,000,000
8.	Brazil	$2,172,000,000,000
9.	France	$2,145,000,000,000
10.	Italy	$1,774,000,000,000
11.	Mexico	$1,567,000,000,000
12.	Korea, South	$1,459,000,000,000
13.	Spain	$1,369,000,000,000
14.	Canada	$1,330,000,000,000
15.	Indonesia	$1,030,000,000,000
16.	Turkey	$960,500,000,000
17.	Australia	$882,400,000,000
18.	Iran	$818,700,000,000
19.	Poland	$721,300,000,000
20.	Netherlands	$676,900,000,000
21.	Saudi Arabia	$622,000,000,000
22.	Argentina	$596,000,000,000
23.	Thailand	$586,900,000,000
24.	South Africa	$524,000,000,000
25.	Egypt	$497,800,000,000
26.	Pakistan	$464,900,000,000
27.	Colombia	$435,400,000,000
28.	Malaysia	$414,400,000,000
29.	Belgium	$394,300,000,000
30.	Nigeria	$377,900,000,000
31.	Sweden	$354,700,000,000
32.	Philippines	$351,400,000,000
33.	Venezuela	$345,200,000,000
34.	Austria	$332,000,000,000
35.	Switzerland	$324,500,000,000
36.	Greece	$318,100,000,000
37.	Ukraine	$305,200,000,000
38.	Singapore	$291,900,000,000
39.	Vietnam	$276,600,000,000
40.	Peru	$275,700,000,000
41.	Czech Republic	$261,300,000,000
42.	Bangladesh	$258,600,000,000
43.	Chile	$257,900,000,000
44.	Norway	$255,300,000,000
45.	Romania	$254,200,000,000
46.	Algeria	$251,100,000,000
47.	Portugal	$247,000,000,000
48.	United Arab Emirates	$246,800,000,000
49.	Israel	$219,400,000,000
50.	Denmark	$201,700,000,000
51.	Kazakhstan	$196,400,000,000
52.	Hungary	$187,600,000,000
53.	Finland	$186,000,000,000
54.	Ireland	$172,300,000,000
55.	Morocco	$151,400,000,000
56.	Qatar	$150,600,000,000
57.	Kuwait	$136,500,000,000
58.	Belarus	$131,200,000,000
59.	Slovakia	$120,200,000,000
60.	New Zealand	$117,800,000,000
61.	Ecuador	$115,000,000,000
62.	Cuba	$114,100,000,000
63.	Iraq	$113,400,000,000
64.	Syria	$107,400,000,000
65.	Angola	$107,300,000,000
66.	Sri Lanka	$106,500,000,000
67.	Sudan	$100,000,000,000
68.	Tunisia	$100,000,000,000
69.	Bulgaria	$96,780,000,000
70.	Azerbaijan	$90,790,000,000
71.	Libya	$90,570,000,000
72.	Dominican Republic	$87,250,000,000
73.	Ethiopia	$86,120,000,000
74.	Uzbekistan	$85,850,000,000
75.	Serbia	$80,100,000,000
76.	Croatia	$78,090,000,000
77.	Burma	$76,470,000,000
78.	Oman	$75,840,000,000
79.	Guatemala	$70,150,000,000
80.	Kenya	$66,030,000,000
81.	Yemen	$63,400,000,000
82.	Ghana	$61,970,000,000
83.	Lebanon	$59,370,000,000
84.	Tanzania	$58,440,000,000
85.	Lithuania	$56,590,000,000
86.	Slovenia	$56,580,000,000
87.	Costa Rica	$51,170,000,000
88.	Uruguay	$47,990,000,000
89.	Bolivia	$47,880,000,000
90.	Panama	$44,360,000,000
91.	Cameroon	$44,330,000,000
92.	El Salvador	$43,570,000,000
93.	Uganda	$42,150,000,000
94.	Luxembourg	$41,090,000,000
95.	Korea, North	$40,000,000,000
96.	Cote d'Ivoire	$37,020,000,000
97.	Turkmenistan	$36,900,000,000
98.	Nepal	$35,810,000,000
99.	Jordan	$34,530,000,000
100.	Honduras	$33,630,000,000
▼

That's Hitler's Mercedes!

A New Jersey auto dealer was shocked to find that the vintage car he bought while searching on an online shopping store was built for the Hitler camp in 1942.

Zenop Tuncer, an auto dealer called up Mercedes to order parts for a vintage car he was repairing, and when he revealed the vehicle's serial number to the company, the reply was: "That's Hitler's car."

Mercedes confirmed that the car was genuine, and was one of just eight made specially cars for Nazi officials.

The 1942 Mercedes 320 Cabriolet D was part of a fleet built for senior officers of the Third Reich during the World War II.

While the model being repaired in Edgewater, New Jersey was probably not flashy enough to be driven by the Fuhrer himself, it is likely to have belonged to one of his generals, The Daily Mail reported

Tuncer reportedly found the car while searching on eBay on behalf of a customer and property developer Fred Daibes.

Daibes bought the car for around $180,000 -- but when he saw the unusual four-door convertible, he assumed it must be a fake.

The best-known of the modified Mercedes 320s was one driven by Gestapo chief Reinhard Heydrich, which was written off after being struck by a bomb during a failed assassination attempt.

The car would almost certainly not have been used by Hitler, who drove a 'top of the line' Mercedes 770, said an expert from Mercedes' headquarters in Germany

The vehicle still has signs of its disquieting origins -- a patch on the fender was apparently an attempt to remove the Nazi flag from the car, said Tuncer.

According to owner Daibes the sinister Mercedes made its way to New Jersey via Chicago thanks to an enterprising American sailor.

The sailor apparently painted the car black to enable him to smuggle it across the Atlantic, keeping it in his basement for decades before his grandson sold it to Daibes.

The Mercedes still runs well, though its engine generates just 80 horsepower, with a top speed of no more than 80 mph.

Daibes has already turned down an offer of $1.5 million for this unique car and he plans to hang on to this extraordinary find.

Nazis planned to invade UK, kill Churchill with choco bomb

Secret wartime papers exchanged between MI5 officials have revealed that the Nazis' plans to conquer Britain included a deadly assault on Sir Winston Churchill [ Images ] with exploding chocolate.

Adolf Hitler's [ Images ] bomb-makers coated explosive devices with a thin layer of rich dark chocolate and then packaged it in expensive-looking black and gold paper.

The Germans planned to use secret agents working in Britain to discreetly place the bars of chocolate -- branded as Peter's Chocolate -- among other luxury items taken on trays into the dining room used by the War Cabinet during the Second World War.

The lethal slabs of confection were packed with enough explosives to kill anyone within several metres.

But Hitler's plot was foiled by British spies who discovered that they were being made and tipped off one of MI5's most senior intelligence chiefs, Lord Victor Rothschild.

Lord Rothschild, a scientist in peacetime as well as a key member of the Rothschild banking family, immediately typed a letter to a talented illustrator seconded to his unit asking him to draw poster-size images of the chocolate to warn the public to be on the lookout for the bars.

His letter to the artist, Laurence Fish, is dated May 4, 1943 and was written from his secret bunker in Parliament Street, central London

The letter, marked 'Secret', reads "Dear Fish, I wonder if you could do a drawing for me of an explosive slab of chocolate."

"We have received information that the enemy are using pound slabs of chocolate which are made of steel with a very thin covering of real chocolate," the Daily Mailquoted the letter as reading.

"Inside there is high explosive and some form of delay mechanism... When you break off a piece of chocolate at one end in the normal way, instead of it falling away, a piece of canvas is revealed stuck into the middle of the piece which has been broken off and a ticking into the middle of the remainder of the slab.

"When the piece of chocolate is pulled sharply, the canvas is also pulled and this initiates the mechanism. I enclose a very poor sketch done by somebody who has seen one of these.  It is wrapped in the usual sort of black paper with gold lettering, the variety being PETERS.

"Would it be possible for you to do a drawing of this, one possibly with the paper half taken off revealing one end and another with the piece broken off showing the canvas.

"The text should indicate that this piece together with the attached canvas is pulled out sharply and that after a delay of seven seconds the bomb goes off," it added.

The letter was found by Fish's wife, journalist Jean Bray, as she sorted through his possessions following the artist's death, aged 89, in 2009.

A legendary Russian spy who foiled a Nazi plot to assassinate Winston Churchill, Josef Stalin and Franklin D. Roosevelt died in January, aged 87.

Gevork Andreyevich Vartanyan, codenamed Amir, ensured the safety of the three leaders by exposing a plot to kill them at the historic 1943 Tehran conference of the ''Big Three'' Allies.

He was just 19 at the time but he led a group of young Soviet agents to disrupt a German plot codenamed Operation Long Jump to wipe out the leaders of Britain, the USSR and the US.