Suberban Railway Services of India

Suburban rail plays a major role in the public transport system of many major Indian cities. Suburban rail is a rail service between a central business district and the suburbs, a conurbation or other locations that draw large numbers of people on a daily basis. The trains are called suburban trains. These trains are also referred to as "local trains" or "locals". The suburban rail systems in Hyderabad, Pune, Barabanki-Lucknow, Lucknow-Kanpur and Bengaluru do not have dedicated suburban tracks but share tracks with long distance trains. The suburban rail system of Chennai and Mumbai have both dedicated tracks and tracks shared with long distance trains. In this article, we would be talking about the suburban rail service of India’s major cities.

1. Mumbai Suburban Railway

Mumbai Suburban Railway consists of exclusive inner suburban railway lines augmented by commuter rail on main lines serving outlying suburbs to serve the Mumbai Metropolitan Region. Spread over 465 kilometres (289 mi), the suburban railway operates 2,342 train services and carries more than 7.5 million commuters daily. By annual ridership (2.64 billion), the Mumbai Suburban Railway is one of the busiest commuter rail systems in the world and it has some of the most severe overcrowding in the world. Trains run from 04:00 until 01:00, and some trains also run up to 02:30.

2. Kolkata Suburban Railway

Kolkata Suburban Railway is the largest suburban railway network in India, serving the suburbs of Kolkata. Now Kolkata Sub-Urban Railway has 348 stations and a track length of 1,172 km. The suburban railway operates 1450 EMU services and 159 MEMU services carrying 3.1 million (31.51 lakhs) people daily. It runs from 4 a.m to 2 a.m in the night.

3. Lucknow - Kanpur Suburban Railway

Lucknow - Kanpur Suburban Railway System is a commuter rail service operated by Northern Railways, North Central Railway and North Eastern Railway to connect administrative capital Lucknow with the economic and industrial capital Kanpur of the state Uttar Pradesh.

4. Chennai Suburban Railway

Chennai Suburban Railway has 4 major suburban railway lines to serve millions of people daily in the city of Chennai (Madras). The total system spans around 900 km of which only 286 km have dedicated dual tracks for suburban EMUs, the rest share tracks with other trains and are called mainline EMUs (MEMUs).

5. Delhi Suburban Railway

This railway service covers Delhi, along with the adjoining districts of Faridabad, Ghaziabad and other adjoining places in Haryana and Uttar Pradesh. Delhi Suburban Railway uses the same tracks that are also used for long distance trains. In 2009 Ladies Special trains were introduced between New Delhi and Palwal and from New Delhi to Ghaziabad and Panipat.

6. Pune Suburban Railway

Pune Suburban Railway, also known as Pune Suburban Service or Pune Local Railway, is a suburban rail system connecting Pune to its suburbs and neighboring villages in Pune District, Maharashtra. Pune's suburban railway operates on two routes, i.e. from Pune Junction to Lonavla and from Pune Junction to Talegaon. There are 5 trains which operate on Pune Junction - Talegaon route while 18 trains operate on Pune Junction - Lonavla route.

7. Hyderabad Multi - Modal Transport System

Hyderabad Multi-Modal Transport System, is a suburban rail system in Hyderabad, India. It is a joint partnership of Government of Telangana and the South Central Railway, and is operated by the latter. The first phase of Multi Modal Transport System of Hyderabad is completed and operational in particular routes.

8. Barabanki - Lucknow Suburban Railway

Barabanki - Lucknow Suburban Railway is a commuter rail service operated by Northern Railways, North Central Railway and North Eastern Railway to connect Lucknow with Barabanki. These services are mostly run using EMU and MEMU rakes. However it does not have dedicated suburban tracks but share the tracks with long distance trains.

9. Pernem - Karwar Suburban Railway

The first DEMU Train service in Goa along the Konkan Railway route, between Pernem and Karwar. Pernem and Karwar DEMU train is suburban like services connecting local stations of Konkan Railway in Goa, Margao and Karwar.

Proposed Suburban Railway but not planned:

Bengaluru Commuter Rail, Karnataka
Ahmedabad Suburban Railway, Gujarat
Coimbatore Suburban Railway, Tamilnadu

Coronavirus: Symptoms of the new COVID strain, as per reports

 

01/4Symptoms of the new COVID strain

With the onset of the new strain of coronavirus, England has entered a state of chaos and turmoil. While the news of the vaccine roll out did raise a lot of hope amongst the people, the mutant virus has surely challenged that hope and has triggered another wave of fear and anxiety. Scientists and medical researchers are continuously working towards establishing the source of the new variant, however, nothing has been confirmed as of now. That said, besides the most common symptoms highlighted by the National Health Service (NHS), 7 other symptoms have been associated with the mutant strain.

02/4The New coronavirus variant in the United Kingdom

The new variant of coronavirus named “VUI 202012/01” includes a genetic mutation in the “spike” protein that could be the cause of immediate and easy spread of the virus amongst people. This means, the variant that’s been identified in the south-east of England has 17 mutations that affect the shape of the virus, including the spike protein that gives the coronavirus family their name. While nothing further has been confirmed, scientists have suggested that this new strain could be the reason behind the faster spread of the virus.

03/4Symptoms associated

Besides the three most common symptoms of COVID-19 such as fever, dry cough and loss of sense of smell and taste, 7 other symptoms have been associated with the new strain of coronavirus. Following are the signs you should watch out for.

- Fatigue

- Loss of appetite

- Headache

- Diarrhoea

- Mental confusion

- Muscle pains

- Skin rash.

According to a King's College researcher, "If you develop any symptoms that might be COVID-19, don't take a risk - you and your household must isolate immediately and ideally get a test as soon as possible."

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Plastic Recycling- A Solution that can save you and the world

 Introduction

Plastic is one of the most widely used materials in the world today. It is used in the production of many products from food packaging to toys to furniture. However, plastic is also an environmental concern. It is not readily biodegradable and can end up in landfills, oceans and other habitats, damaging the environment and wildlife.

Recycling plastic is one way to reduce the environmental impact of pollution.
When plastic is recycled, it turns into new products that help reduce the need for plastic. Plastic recycling also conserves natural resources such as oil and gas and reduces greenhouse gas emissions.

Benefits of Plastic Recycling

Plastic recycling has many benefits. Some of the key benefits are:

Reducing plastic waste in landfills and the environment. When plastic is recycled, it doesn't end up in a landfill, which can take hundreds of years to decompose.
Plastic recycling also helps reduce the amount of plastic that ends up in the oceans and other habitats that can harm wildlife.
Conservation of natural resources. The production of plastics from raw materials requires oil and gas, which are non-renewable resources. Recycling plastic helps conserve these resources and reduce our dependence on them.
Reduce carbon monoxide emissions.
Making plastic from raw materials also produces carbon monoxide, which contributes to climate change. Recycling plastic can help reduce emissions by reducing the need for plastic waste.
Job creation. The recycling industry creates jobs in the collection, sorting and processing of recyclables. These jobs can provide financial opportunities to communities that do not have many other options.
Improve environmental quality. Recycling plastic helps reduce pollution and waste, helping to improve environmental quality. It also helps protect wildlife and habitats damaged by plastic pollution. The Challenges of Recycling
Plastics

While there are many benefits to recycling plastics, there are also some challenges. Some of the most important issues are:

Not all plastics are recycled.
Some types of plastic, such as styrofoam and plastic bags, cannot be recycled in most communities. This is because they are difficult to repeat or do not need pressure.
Plastic recycling is not always profitable. The cost of recycling plastic can vary depending on the type of plastic and the cost of collection and processing. In some cases, it may cost more to dispose of or burn the plastic.
Public awareness of plastic recycling is low. Many people are unaware of the benefits of recycling or how to properly recycle plastic. This can result in plastic being thrown away and end up in landfills or the environment. How Plastics are Recycled yes. Not all plastic in every community is recyclable.
Rinse the plastic containers and remove all paper. This will help prevent contamination of the stream.
Broken plastic boxes and bags. This will make them easier to store and transport.
Dispose of or take the plastic to the recycling centre.

Summary

Recycling plastics is an important way to reduce the environmental impact of pollution. By using recycled plastic, we can help reduce plastic waste in landfills and the environment, conserve natural resources, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, create jobs and improve the environment.

If you want to make a difference, start by recycling plastic. A small step that can have a big impact.